Effects of EPA supplementation on plasma fatty acids composition in hypertriglyceridemic subjects with FABP2 and PPARα genotypes

BACKGROUND Fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) are involved in cellular uptake and metabolism of fatty acids. Polymorphism of FABP2 and PPARα may influence plasma levels of fatty acids in those who take supplemental eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The purpose of this study was to study the potential associations between the Ala54/Thr polymorphism in FABP2 protein and the Leu162/Val in exon 5 and G/C in intron 7 of PPARα with plasma fatty acids composition after EPA supplementation. METHODS Twenty three FABP2 Ala54 and twenty three Thr54 carriers with hypertriglyceridemia were enrolled in this study. Participants took 2 g of pure EPA daily for 8 wks. Plasma fatty acids composition was determined and changes from the baseline were measured. RESULTS Although EPA supplementation increased the level of plasma EPA and ω-3 fatty acids in both carriers of FABP2 and PPARα genes, these effects were more pronounced in Thr54 and Val162 carriers. EPA supplementation decreased the level of some n-6 fatty acids such as arachidonic acid. CONCLUSION EPA consumption has more favorable effects on blood n-3 fatty acids and can change the level of plasma n-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA. Because the FABP2 Thr54 polymorphism appears to be prevalent in hypertriglyceridemic subjects, increasing EPA intake in these subjects could be an effective strategy for preventing cardiovascular diseases. Finally, diets and micronutrient recommendations should be individualized for high risk people.